Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal
Volume 27, Issue 1 , Pages 21-29 , 2009

Reference Values for Handgrip Strength Among Healthy Adults in Nigeria

  • Rufus A. Adedoyin, PhD, PT

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests and correspondence to: Dr Rufus A. Adedoyin, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
  • ,
  • Funmi A. Ogundapo, BMR, PT

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
  • ,
  • Chidozie E. Mbada, MSc, PT

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
  • ,
  • Babatunde A. Adekanla, MSc, PT

      Affiliations

    • Physiotherapy Department, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
  • ,
  • Olubusola E. Johnson, PhD, PT

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
  • ,
  • Teslim A. Onigbinde, MSc, PT

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
  • ,
  • Anne A.I. Emechete, MEd, OT

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Received 23 December 2008 ,Accepted 1 December 2009.

References 

  1. Bohannon RW , Peolsson A , Westropp NM , et al.   Reference values for grip strength measured with a Jamar dynamometer: a descriptive meta-analysis . Physiotherapy . 2006;92:11–15
  2. Fess EE . Documentation: essential elements of an upper extremity assessment battery . In:  Hunter JM ,  Mackin EJ ,  Callahan AD editor. 4th edition. Rehabilitation of the Hand: Surgery and Therapy . Volume 1: St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 1995;p. 185–214
  3. Berryhill BH . Returning a worker with an upper extremity injury to industry: a model for the physician and therapist . J Hand Ther . 1990;3:56–63
  4. Innes EV . Hand grip testing: a review of literature . Aust Occup Ther J . 2002;46:120–140
  5. Nagi SZ . An epidemiology study of disability among older adults in the United States . Milbank Q . 1976;4:439–467
  6. Giampaoli S , Ferruci L , Cecchi F , et al.   Hand-grip strength predicts incident disability in non-disabled older men . Age Ageing . 1999;28:283–288
  7. Rantanen T , Guralnik JM , Foley D , et al.   Midlife hand-grip strength as a predictor of old age disability . JAMA . 1999;281:558–560
  8. Laukkanen P , Heikkinen E , Kauppinen M . Muscle strength and mobility as predictors of survival in 75-84-year-old people . Age Ageing . 1995;24:468–473
  9. Al Snih S , Markides KS , Ray L , et al.   Handgrip strength and mortality in older Mexican Americans . J Am Geriatr Soc . 2002;50:1250–1256
  10. Metter EJ , Talbot LA , Schrager M , et al.   Skeletal muscle strength as a predictor of all-cause mortality in healthy men . J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci . 2002;57:B359–B365
  11. Rantanen T , Volpato S , Ferrucci L , et al.   Handgrip strength and cause-specific and total mortality in older disabled women: exploring the mechanism . J Am Geriatr Soc . 2003;51:636–641
  12. Richards L , Olson B , Palmiter-Thomas P . How forearm position affects grip strength . Am J Occup Ther . 1996;50:133–139
  13. Balogun JA , Akomolafe CT , Amusa LO . Grip strength: effects of testing posture and elbow position . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 1991;72:280–283
  14. Perrin D . Isokinetic Exercise and Assessment . Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1993;
  15. Abernethy W , Wilson G , Logan P . Strength and power assessment: issues and controversies and challenges . Sport Med . 1995;19:401–417
  16. Dvir Z . In: Muscle testing, interpretation and clinical application . Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1995;p. 126–132
  17. Lagerstrom C , Nordgren B . On the reliability and usefulness of methods for grip strength measurement . Scand J Rehabil Med . 1998;30:113–119
  18. Mathiowetz V , Weber K , Volland G , et al.   Reliability and validity of grip and pinch strength evaluations . J Hand Surg Am . 1984;9:222–226
  19. Thorngren KG , Werner CO . Normal grip strength . Acta Orthop Scand . 1979;50:255–259
  20. Haward BM , Griffin MJ . Repeatability of grip strength and dexterity tests and the effects of age and gender . Int Arch Occup Environ Health . 2002;75:111–119
  21. Günther CM , Bürger A , Rickert M , et al.   Grip strength in healthy Caucasian adults: reference values . J Hand Surg Am . 2008;33:558–565
  22. Incel NA , Ceceli E , Durukan PB , et al.   Grip strength: effect of hand dominance . Singapore Med J . 2002;43:234–237
  23. Chatterjee S , Chowdhuri BJ . Comparison of grip strength and isometric endurance between the right and left hands of men and their relationship with age and other physical parameters . J Hum Ergol (Tokyo) . 1991;20:41–50
  24. Merkies ISJ , Schmitz PIM , Samijn JPA , et al.   Assessing grip strength in healthy individuals and patients with immunemediated polyneuropathies . Muscle Nerve . 2000;23:1393–1401
  25. Aghazadeh F , Lee K , Waikar A . Impact of anthropometric and personal variables on grip strength . J Hum Ergol . 1993;22:75–81
  26. MacDermid JC , Fehr LB , Lindsay KC . The effect of physical factors on grip strength and dexterity . Br J Hand Ther . 2002;7:112–118
  27. Vaz M , Hunsberger S , Diffey B . Prediction equations for hand grip strength in healthy Indian male and female subjects encompassing a wide age range . Ann Hum Biol . 2002;29:131–141
  28. Mathiowetz V , Kashman N , Volland G , et al.   Grip and pinch strength: normative data for adults . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 1985;66:69–74
  29. Petersen P , Petrick M , Connor H , et al.   Grip strength and hand dominance: challenging the 10% rule . Am J Occup Ther . 1989;43:444–447
  30. Crosby CA , Wehbe MA , Mawr B . Hand strength: normative values . J Hand Surg Am . 1994;19:665–670
  31. Hanten WP , Chen WY , Austin AA , et al.   Maximum grip strength in normal subjects from 20 to 64 years of age . J Hand Ther . 1999;12:193–200
  32. Desrosiers J , Bravo G , Herbert R , et al.   Normative data for the grip strength of elderly men and women . Am J Occup Ther . 1995;49:637–644
  33. Tsang RCC . Reference values for 6-minute walk test and hand grip strength in healthy Hong Kong Chinese adults . Hong Kong Physiother J . 2005;23:6–12
  34. Jeune B , Skytthe A , Cournil A , et al.   Handgrip strength among nonagenarians and centenarians in three European regions . J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci . 2006;61:707–712
  35. Bansal N . Hand grip strength: normative data for young adults . Indian J Physiother Occup Ther . 2008;2:4–6
  36. Balogun JA , Onigbinde AT . Intratester reliability and validity of the Takei Kiki Kogo Hand Grip Dynamometer . J Phys Ther Sci . 1991;3:55–60
  37. Kuzala EA , Vargo MC . The relationship between elbow position and grip strength . Am J Occup Ther . 1992;46:509–512
  38. Fess EE . Grip strength . In:  Casanova JS editors. Clinical Assessment Recommendations . 2nd edition. Chicago: American Society of Hand Therapists; 1992;p. 41–45
  39. Mitsionis G , Pakos EE , Stafilas KS , et al.   Normative data on hand grip strength in a Greek adult population . Int Orthop . 2008;33:713–717
  40. Wu SW , Wu SF , Liang HW , et al.   Measuring factors affecting grip strength in Taiwan Chinese population and a comparison with consolidated norms . Appl Ergon . 2009;40:811–815
  41. Gallagher D , Visser M , Sepulveda D , et al.   How useful is body mass index for comparison of body fatness across age, sex and ethnic groups? . Am J Epidemiol . 1996;143:228–239
  42. Pheasant S . Hands and handles . In:  Pheasant S editors. Body Space: Anthropometry, Ergonomics and the Design of Work . 2nd edition. London: Taylor & Francis; 1996;p. 83–92
  43. Okunribido OO . A survey of hand anthropometry of female rural farm workers in Ibadan, western Nigeria . Ergonomics . 2000;43:282–292
  44. Kjerland RN . Age and sex differences in performance in motil-ity and strength tests . Proc Iowa Acad Sci . 1953;60:519–523
  45. Agnew PJ , Maas F . Hand function related to age and sex . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 1982;63:269–271
  46. Kamarul T , Ahmad TS , Loh WY . Hand grip strength in the adult Malaysian population . J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) . 2006;14:172–177
  47. Robergs RA , Roberts SO . Exercise Physiology: Exercise Performance and Clinical Application . St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 1997;
  48. Clerke A , Clerke J . A literature review of the effect of hand-edness on isometric grip strength differences of the left and right hands . Am J Occup Ther . 2001;55:206–211
  49. Lunde BK , Brewer WD , Garcia PA . Grip strength of college women . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 1972;53:491–493
  50. Swanson AB , Matev IB , de Groot G . The strength of the hand . Bull Prosthet Res . 1970;10:145–153
  51. Kellor M , Frost J , Silberberg N , et al.   Hand strength and dexterity . Am J Occup Ther . 1971;25:77–83
  52. Fike ML , Rousseau E . Measurement of adult hand strength: comparison of two instruments . Occup Ther J Res . 1982;2:43–49
  53. Schmidt RT , Toews JV . Grip strength as measured by the Jamar dynamometer . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 1970;51:321–327
  54. Kallman DA , Plato CC , Tobin JD . The role of muscle loss in the age-related decline of grip strength: cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives . J Gerontol . 1990;45:M82–M88
  55. Snih SA , Markides KS , Ray L , et al.   Handgrip strength and mortality in older Mexican Americans . J Am Geriatr Soc . 2002;50:1250–1256
  56. Syddall H , Cooper C , Martin F , et al.   Is grip strength a useful single marker of frailty? . Age Ageing . 2003;32:650–656

PII: S1013-7025(10)70005-1

doi: 10.1016/S1013-7025(10)70005-1

Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal
Volume 27, Issue 1 , Pages 21-29 , 2009