Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal
Volume 22, Issue 1 , Pages 50-56 , 2004

Efficacy of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Improving Ankle Kinetics During Walking in Children with Cerebral Palsy

  • Nerita N.C. Chan, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Physiotherapy Department, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests and correspondence to: Nerita Chan, Physiotherapy Department, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong SAR, China
    • ,
  • Andrew W. Smith, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Sport & Exercise Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand,
    • ,
  • Sing Kai Lo, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, Australia

Received 10 September 2003 ,Accepted 1 November 2004.

References 

  1. Renshaw TS , Green NE , Griffin PP , et al.   Cerebral palsy: orthopaedic management . J Bone Joint Surg . 1995;77A:1590–1606
  2. Alfier V . Electrical treatment of spasticity . Scand J Rehabil Med . 1982;14:177–182
  3. Menkveld SR , Wuinn JR , Ancheta B . Functional electrical stimulation in pediatric patients with spasticity . Orthop Trans . 1986;10:376–377
  4. Seib TP , Price R , Reyes MR , et al.   The quantitative measurement of spasticity: effect of cutaneous electrical stimulation . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 1994;75:746–750
  5. Enoka RM . Muscle strength and its development: new perspectives . Sports Med . 1988;6:146–168
  6. Delitto A , Brown M , Strube MJ , et al.   Electrical stimulation of quadriceps femoris in an elite weight lifter: a single subject experiment . Int J Sports Med . 1989;10:187–191
  7. Delitto A , Snyder-Mackler L . Two theories of muscle strength augmentation using percutaneous electrical stimulation . Phys Ther . 1990;70:158–164
  8. Levin MF , Hui-Chan CWY . Relief of hemiparetic spasticity by TENS is associated with improvement in reflex and voluntary motor functions . Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol . 1992;85:131–142
  9. Dubowitz L , Finnie N , Hyde SA , et al.   Improvement of muscle performance by chronic electrical stimulation in children with cerebral palsy . Lancet . 1988;i:587–588
  10. Hazelwood ME , Brown JK , Rowe PJ , et al.   The use of therapeutic electrical stimulation in the treatment of hemiplegic cerebral palsy . Dev Med Child Neurol . 1994;36:661–673
  11. Carmick J . Clinical use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation for children with cerebral palsy. Part 1: lower extremity . Phys Ther . 1993;73:505–513
  12. Carmick J . Managing equinus in children with cerebral palsy: electrical stimulation to strengthen the triceps surae muscle . Dev Med Child Neurol . 1995;37:965–975
  13. Gage JR , Minnesota P , Deluca PA , et al.   Gait analysis: principles and applications . J Bone Joint Surg . 1995;10:1607–1623
  14. Perry J . Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function . Thora-fare, NJ: Slack Inc; 1992;
  15. Ounpuu S , Gage JR , Davis RB . Three dimensional lower extremity joint kinetics in normal pediatric gait . J Pediatr Orthop . 1991;11:341–349
  16. Olney SJ , MacPhail HA , Hedden DM , et al.   Work and power in hemiplegic cerebral palsy gait . Phys Ther . 1990;70:431–438
  17. Brown J , Walsh EG , Wright GW . Neurophysiology of lower-limb function in hemiplegic children . Dev Med Child Neurol . 1991;33:1037–1047
  18. Gage JR . In: Gait Analysis in Cerebral Palsy . London: MacKeith Press; 1991;p. 101–117
  19. Boyd RN , Pliatsios V , Starr R , et al.   Biomechanical transformation of the gastroc-soleus muscle with botulinum toxin A in children with cerebral palsy . Dev Med Child Neurol . 2000;42:32–41
  20. Rose SA , Deluca PA , Davis RB , et al.   Kinematic and kinetic evaluation of the ankle after lengthening of the gastrocne-mius fascia in children with cerebral palsy . J Pediatr Orthop . 1993;13:727–732
  21. Steinbok P , Reiner A , Kestle JRW . Therapeutic electrical stimulation following selective posterior rhizotomy in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy: a randomized clinical trail . Dev Med Child Neurol . 1997;39:515–520
  22. Bertoti DB , Stanger M , Betz RR . Percutaneous intramuscular functional electrical stimulation as an intervention choice for children with cerebral palsy . Pediatr Phys Ther . 1997;9:123–127
  23. Carmick J . Guidelines for the clinical application of neu-romuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for children with cerebral palsy . Pediatr Phys Ther . 1997;9:128–136
  24. Comeaux P , Patterson N , Rubin M , et al.   Effect of neuromus-cular electrical stimulation during gait in children with cerebral palsy . Pediatr Phys Ther . 1997;9:103–109
  25. Gardner MB , Holden MK , Leikauskas JM , et al.   Partial body weight support with treadmill locomotion to improve gait after incomplete spinal cord injury: a single-subject experimental design . Phys Ther . 1998;78:361–374
  26. Cupp T , Oeffinger D , Tylkowski C , et al.   Age-related kinetic changes in normal pediatrics . J Pediatr Orthop . 1999;19:475–478
  27. Steinwender G , Saraph V , Scheiber S , et al.   Intrasubject repeatability of gait analysis data in normal and spastic children . Clin Biomech . 2000;15:134–139
  28. Sutherland DH , Cooper L , Daniel D . The role of the ankle plantar flexors in normal walking . J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1980;62:354–363
  29. Katoh M , Mochizuki T , Moriyama A . Changes of sagittal-plane ankle motion and ground reaction force (fore-aft shear) in normal children aged four to 10 years . Dev Med Child Neurol . 1993;35:417–423

PII: S1013-7025(09)70050-8

doi: 10.1016/S1013-7025(09)70050-8

Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal
Volume 22, Issue 1 , Pages 50-56 , 2004

Article Tools